【提要】组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)是一类使组蛋白去乙酰化的蛋白酶，对染色体的结构修饰、基因表达调控等发挥着重要的作用。近期研究表明，HDACs可能为多种疾病的药物靶点，包括癌症、自身免疫性疾病及糖尿病等。糖尿病是一组由遗传和环境因素相互作用而引起的因胰岛素分泌障碍和/或IR所致的以慢性高血糖为共同特征的代谢性疾病。本文对HDACs 的结构分类、其与糖尿病发生发展间的相关性及HDAC抑制剂在糖尿病治疗中的作用作一综述。
     【关键词】组蛋白去乙酰化酶；糖尿病；胰岛素抵抗；糖异生；胰岛β细胞

     【Summary】Histone deacetylases(HDACs)，as a class of proteases which can make histone deacetylate，play a key role in chromosome structural modification and regulation of gene expression．Recent studies have shown that HDACs are likely to be drug targets for a variety of diseases including cancer，autoimmune disease and diabetes mellitus．Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases caused by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors，with a common feature of chronic hyperglycemiainduced by insulin secretion disfunetion and／or insulin resistance．In this article，we summarize the structural classification of HDACs，its correlation with diabetes mellitus and the potentiality of HDACinhibitors in the treatment of diabetes．

    【Key words】Histone deacetylases(HDACs)；Diabetes mellitus；Insulin resistance(IR)；Gluconeogenesis；Islet β-cell