糖尿病现已成为威胁国人健康的主要疾病之一，我国成人的T2DM患病率已经高达9.7%，患病人数居于世界首位。大量研究显示，某些“医疗措施”能有效降低糖尿病并发症的发生，从而降低患者的致残率及致死率，提高患者的生活质量。因此，这些“医疗措施”已广泛获得国内外糖尿病专业学术组织所制定的指南推荐[。这些“医疗措施”被称之为糖尿病“标准化诊疗措施”。而实况调查显示我国T2DM标准化诊疗措施的落实率不容乐观。因此，应用改善科学提高我国糖尿病管理和控制的质量已迫在眉睫。

　　在不久的将来，改善科学将成为为患者提供高质量的医疗卫生服务的不可或缺的学科，并将持续促进医疗卫生质量的改善和发展。通过改善科学研究和实践促进糖尿病的标准化诊疗在真实世界的医疗实践中得到广泛落实将使我国糖尿病并发症对个人、家庭和社会所带来的沉重负担逐渐减轻。

　　【Abstract】Modern medicine has achieved a remarkable success and contribute greatly to the health and longevity, but there is a big gap between the ideal world where most of the medical science research were conducted and real world in medical care where the knowledge gained from medical science research is implemented and tested.Back to 2003, a report from Institute of Medicine has raised that priority should be given to “improvement of healthcare quality” at a national level.China is the top country with largest number of diabetic population. The explosion in the number of people affected by diabetes has created a huge and debilitating burden of death and disability. Numerous clinical studies all over the world have produced lots of evidence for “best medical care” in diabetes managementand almost all of these “best medical cares” were recommended by diabetes guidelines worldwide. However, most of “best medical cares” were not practiced in daily diabetes care in China.Therefore, it is of a great urgency to improve the quality of diabetes care and allow all diabetes patients benefit from the fruit of medical science in China. However, there will be a long journey to achieve this goal. Improvement science is one of the powerful vehicles that could make this journal shorter. We believe that in the near future, improvement science will definitely become a core discipline to improve the quality of health care delivered to our patients and will promote the development of the whole health care system.