文献综述

　　【摘要】近年来，随着对糖尿病研究的不断深入，胰岛α细胞在糖尿病研究领域中的地位越来越不容忽视。胰岛α细胞的主要功能是分泌胰高血糖素，升高血糖并维持血糖水平稳定。胰岛α细胞功能异常有两种，其一表现为对血糖变化反应的不敏感，其二表现为对其它刺激物的过高反应。评价胰岛α细胞功能主要是血浆胰高血糖素水平的测定，放免法是目前常用的测定胰高血糖素的方法。胰岛α细胞功能的评价方法包括空腹胰升血糖素测定、OGTT、高葡萄糖钳夹试验、精氨酸刺激试验，以及低血糖刺激试验，其中应用最广泛、价值最高的是OGTT，其通过多点胰高血糖素水平的测定，计算出曲线下面积(AUC)，从而判定胰岛α细胞的功能。

　　【关键词】胰岛α细胞功能;胰岛α细胞;功能评价;胰升血糖素

　　【Abstract】 Nowadays, with the in-depth study of diabetes mellitus，islet α cell is accordingly playing more and more important role in the field of diabetes research. The primary function of islet α cell is glucagon secretion，elevating blood sugar and stabling blood sugar level. There are two kinds of abnormal islet α cell function circumstances, one is less sensitive to glucose changes, the other is exorbitancy reaction to other stimuli. Determination of plasma glucagon levels is the main method to evaluate islet α cell function, and radioimmunoassay is the primary measurement methods of glucagon . Evaluation methods of α cell function include fasting glucagon measurement, oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT), high glucose clamping test, arginine stimulation test and hypoglycemia stimulation test, among which, OGTT is the most widely used one. It calculates the area under curve (AUC) by measuring multi-point glucagon levels, and further assesses islet α cell function.

　　【Key words】 islet α cell function;α cell;functional evaluation;glucagon